Slide 1
How to Use This
File
And How Not to Use It
|
|
|
Use the bookmarks on the left as cues
for the differentials |
|
Try to recite the differential without
looking |
|
Then click on the bookmark for the
answers |
|
The file can be used like “flashcards” |
|
These lists are not meant to be
all-inclusive so please do not consider them as such. If you wish
all-inclusive lists of differentials, consult the appropriate textbooks |
Slide 3
Slide 4
Slide 5
Slide 6
Cardiomegaly with Normal
Vasculature
|
|
|
Viral myocarditis |
|
Endocardial fibroelastosis |
|
Aberrant left coronary artery |
|
Cystic medial necrosis |
|
Diabetic mother |
Slide 8
Slide 9
Slide 10
Slide 11
Slide 12
Slide 13
Causes of
Left Atrium
|
|
|
CHF |
|
Mitral stenosis |
|
Mitral regurgitation |
|
Prolapsed mitral valve |
|
Papillary muscle dysfunction |
|
Left atrial myxoma |
|
|
Causes of
Main Pulmonary Artery
|
|
|
L → R shunt |
|
Pulmonary arterial hypertension |
|
Pulmonic stenosis |
|
Idiopathic dilatation of pulmonary
artery |
|
|
Causes of
Prominence of the Thoracic Aorta
|
|
|
Hypertension (entire) |
|
Atherosclerosis (entire) |
|
Aortic insufficiency (entire) |
|
Aortic stenosis (ascending) |
|
Aneurysm (ascending or entire) |
|
Coarctation of the aorta (ascending) |
|
Aortitis (ascending or entire) |
Types
of
Left-to-Right Shunts
|
|
|
Atrial Septal defect |
|
Ventricular Septal Defect |
|
Patent ductus arteriosus |
|
Anomalous pulmonary venous return |
|
AV communis |
|
Anomalous origin of left coronary
artery from pulmonary artery |
Causes of
Increased Flow Vascularity
|
|
|
|
Left-to-right shunts |
|
Atrial septal defect |
|
Ventricular septal defect |
|
Patent ductus arteriosus |
|
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return |
|
AV communis |
|
High-output states |
|
|
Causes of
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
|
|
|
|
Primary or idiopathic |
|
Secondary to |
|
Lung disease – COPD, fibrosis |
|
Pulm. arterial dz – arteritis, multiple
emboli |
|
Chronic hypoxia – hi altitude |
Causes of
Pulmonary Venous Hypertension
|
|
|
Coarctation of aorta |
|
Aortic stenosis |
|
Hypoplastic Left Heart syndrome |
|
Mitral stenosis-acquired or congenital |
|
Left atrial myxoma |
|
Cor triatriatum |
|
TAPVR from below diaphragm |
|
CHF |
|
|
Causes of
Congestive Heart Failure
|
|
|
Coronary artery disease |
|
Hypertension |
|
Cardiomyopathy |
|
Valvular lesions – AS, MS |
|
Left-to-right shunts |
|
Fluid overload |
Causes of
Marked of Cardiac Silhouette
|
|
|
Cardiomyopathy |
|
Pericardial Effusion |
|
Multiple valve disease |
|
|
Causes
of
Cardiomyopathy
|
|
|
Alcoholism |
|
Coronary artery disease |
|
Collagen-vascular disease |
|
Myocarditis – e.g. rheumatic |
|
Amyloidosis |
|
Nutritional – e.g. Beriberi |
|
|
Causes
of
Pericardial Effusion
|
|
|
Viral pericarditis |
|
Collagen-vascular disease, e.g. lupus |
|
Uremia |
|
TB |
|
Trauma |
|
Post myocardial infarction |
|
Mets |
Most Commons
|
|
|
|
Most common cause of CHF in newborn |
|
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome |
|
Most common cause of CHF > 2 weeks |
|
Coarctation of the aorta (infantile
form) |
|
Most common cyanotic heart disease |
|
Tetralogy of Fallot |
|
Most common dz associated c R arch |
|
Tetralogy of Fallot |
Most Commons
|
|
|
|
Most common L è R shunt |
|
Ventricular Septal Defect |
|
Most common L è R shunt dx’d in adult |
|
Atrial Septal Defect |
|
Dz most commonly associated c R arch |
|
Truncus arteriosus |
|
Most common congenital cardiac lesion |
|
Bicuspid aortic valve |
|
|
Most Commons
|
|
|
|
Most common type of ASD |
|
Ostium secundum |
|
Most common type of VSD |
|
Membranous VSD |
|
Most common type of TAPVR |
|
Supracardiac |
Most Commons
|
|
|
|
Most common cardiac tumor |
|
Metastatic disease, e.g. melanoma |
|
Most common 1° benign heart tumor |
|
Myxoma |
|
Most common 1° tumor of heart in child |
|
Rhabdomyoma |
|
|
Most Commons
|
|
|
|
Most common CHD in Down’s Syndrome |
|
Atrioventricular canal defects |
|
Most common cause of pericardial
effusion |
|
Myocardial infarction with LV failure |
|
CHD most commonly assoc. with
pericardial abnormalities |
|
ASD |
|
|
Uncommon Most Commons
|
|
|
|
Most common site of coronary stenosis |
|
Right coronary artery |
|
Most common site of true LV aneurysm |
|
Anterolateral and apical walls |
|
Most common cause of false LV aneurysm |
|
Post-myocardial infarction rupture of
LV into pericardium |
Slide 31