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2	How to Use This File And How Not to Use It Use the bookmarks on the left as cues for the differentials Try to recite the differential without looking Then click on the bookmark for the answers The file can be used like “flashcards” These lists are not meant to be all-inclusive so please do not consider them as such. If you wish all-inclusive lists of differentials, consult the appropriate textbooks
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7	Cardiomegaly with Normal Vasculature Viral myocarditis Endocardial fibroelastosis Aberrant left coronary artery Cystic medial necrosis Diabetic mother
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14	Causes of Left Atrium CHF Mitral stenosis Mitral regurgitation Prolapsed mitral valve Papillary muscle dysfunction Left atrial myxoma
15	Causes of Main Pulmonary Artery L → R shunt Pulmonary arterial hypertension Pulmonic stenosis Idiopathic dilatation of pulmonary artery
16	Causes of Prominence of the Thoracic Aorta Hypertension (entire) Atherosclerosis (entire) Aortic insufficiency (entire) Aortic stenosis (ascending) Aneurysm (ascending or entire) Coarctation of the aorta (ascending) Aortitis (ascending or entire)
17	Types of Left-to-Right Shunts Atrial Septal defect Ventricular Septal Defect Patent ductus arteriosus Anomalous pulmonary venous return AV communis Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery
18	Causes of Increased Flow Vascularity Left-to-right shunts Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defect Patent ductus arteriosus Total anomalous pulmonary venous return AV communis High-output states
19	Causes of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Primary or idiopathic Secondary to Lung disease – COPD, fibrosis Pulm. arterial dz – arteritis, multiple emboli Chronic hypoxia – hi altitude
20	Causes of Pulmonary Venous Hypertension Coarctation of aorta Aortic stenosis Hypoplastic Left Heart syndrome Mitral stenosis-acquired or congenital Left atrial myxoma Cor triatriatum TAPVR from below diaphragm CHF
21	Causes of Congestive Heart Failure Coronary artery disease Hypertension Cardiomyopathy Valvular lesions – AS, MS Left-to-right shunts Fluid overload
22	Causes of Marked of Cardiac Silhouette Cardiomyopathy Pericardial Effusion Multiple valve disease
23	Causes of Cardiomyopathy Alcoholism Coronary artery disease Collagen-vascular disease Myocarditis – e.g. rheumatic Amyloidosis Nutritional – e.g. Beriberi
24	Causes of Pericardial Effusion Viral pericarditis Collagen-vascular disease, e.g. lupus Uremia TB Trauma Post myocardial infarction Mets
25	Most Commons Most common cause of CHF in newborn Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Most common cause of CHF > 2 weeks Coarctation of the aorta (infantile form) Most common cyanotic heart disease Tetralogy of Fallot Most common dz associated c R arch Tetralogy of Fallot
26	Most Commons Most common L è R shunt Ventricular Septal Defect Most common L è R shunt dx’d in adult Atrial Septal Defect Dz most commonly associated c R arch Truncus arteriosus Most common congenital cardiac lesion Bicuspid aortic valve
27	Most Commons Most common type of ASD Ostium secundum Most common type of VSD Membranous VSD Most common type of TAPVR Supracardiac
28	Most Commons Most common cardiac tumor Metastatic disease, e.g. melanoma Most common 1° benign heart tumor Myxoma Most common 1° tumor of heart in child Rhabdomyoma
29	Most Commons Most common CHD in Down’s Syndrome Atrioventricular canal defects Most common cause of pericardial effusion Myocardial infarction with LV failure CHD most commonly assoc. with pericardial abnormalities ASD
30	Uncommon Most Commons Most common site of coronary stenosis Right coronary artery Most common site of true LV aneurysm Anterolateral and apical walls Most common cause of false LV aneurysm Post-myocardial infarction rupture of LV into pericardium
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